Gossip girl vs Skins essay

Unit 1: coursework

How far do the TV programmes ‘Gossip Girl’ and ‘Skins’appeal to the teenage audience?

Present in the media today are many stereotypes and counter stereotypes of teenagers. Some are used to represent most teenegers nevertheless; some are used to highlight negative stereotypes that teenagers make during adolescence. During our first unit of media coursework we were given the opening for both ‘Skins’ and ‘Gossip Girl’. I was instantly drawn to the representation of teenagers in both dramas as it was specifically designed to appeal to my demographic – which is teenagers of the 21^st century.

‘Gossip Girl’ is an american teen drama set between the middle and high class social groups of New york. ‘Gossip Girl’ is about a gossip blogger who is the narrator for the drama which follows the protagonists and their separate stories which intertwine to construct this drama.

In the opening scene of ‘Gossip Girl’ the audience is introduced to ten different characters, each character encapsulating a stereotype that the audience can familiarize with although the setting and the way of life is completely different. The first protagonist we see is Serena. She is blonde, stylish, pretty and a stereotypical ‘it girl’. This is shown by the low angle used to introduce her, which elevates her, making her seem significant to the “popular”.

Secondly, we meet the humphrey family consisting of Rufus (the father) and his son and daughter. Both of whom are shy, well-mannered, casually dressed which shows that they too are significant to the teen drama as they are next after the protagonist. They are a counter-stereotype to the current anti-social version that claims most teenagers are rude and ill-mannered.

Thirdly, the audience is introduced to blair also another ‘popular girl’. She is elegantly dressed and we later learn she is the daughter of a designer. Blair is also an ‘it girl’ yet by the exchange of dialoghue between her and her mother it seems as if she is living in her mothers shadow. This is shown when over the shoulder- shots are used to capture the facial expressions on Blair’s face at her mothers sneer about her dress. Just after Blair we meet Nate, the handsome respectable, wealthy, polite guy. He represents the upper- middle class stereotype that is also very popular. The cut between Blair and Nate allows the audience to assume that they are together because of the switches in shots to capture their facial expressions to eachother. Nate however, was stood with his snobbish, powerful controlling parent who was demonstrating his authority over him, when the topic of what college he would attend to came up. Nate’s father continued to insist that he is to attend Dartmouth. The audience is able to feel the friction between father and son due to the change in camera shot as if in the midst of a tennis match.

Last but not least the audience is introduced to Chuck Bass. He is seen lounging on a sofa with a girl on each arm with his top button undone. Just from the body language it is instantly noticeable that he fits into the womanizing stereotype. The camera is at eye level which enables the audience to familiarize with Chuck quickly.

The music used in ‘Gossip Girl’ is very significant to the character build-up. ‘Gossip Girl’ uses a music supervisor who selects music which actors themselves would listen to. A few examples are, Rufus’ is New york bands (sonic youth) which reflects his persona in ‘Gossip Girl’ as he is a member of a New york band also; Lily has had a complex life so her musical taste reflects her experience as she listens to seminal bands and Chuck’s is a mixture between hip hop and R ‘n’ B which reflects the way he sees women due to the depiction of females in hip hop. This shows that music is crucial to the portrayal of the characters as it reinforces the connotations of the stereotypes used. However, it does not cease at this, the music appeals to the audience as it is current and it also enables the audience to understand the characters.

‘Gossip Girl’ uses a female voice over which narrates the story. This enables the audience to always have knowledge of the goings on. The voice is mysterious as the audience has no image of her; this creates an appeal to teenagers as it adds a sense of mystery to the drama. The theme tune is also very significant to the drama as it is condensed with all the dennotations for ‘Gossip Girl’. The music is a mix between hip hop and classical which symbolizes the balance between the upper class and its teenagers. The theme tune is set at night and shows skyscrapers, taxis and neon lights which capture New york night life. Lastly, the voice over ends with “x o x o” which compliments the blog theme throughout ‘Gossip Girl’.

After the introduction of the characters, the audience is continuously updated of the story lineby the voice over who is ‘Gossip Girl’ herself. The audience understands that the return of Serena disturbs the peace because as soon as she arrives every character is notified of this. The themes used in ‘Gossip Girl’ can mostly be familiarized with as they are pragmatic. Like for example the feuds between best friends, the rivalry in popularity, virginity and relationships in general can be related to by teenagers due to the fact they are frequently occurant at this stage of life. Conversely, I doubt that teenagers would be obsessed with gossip to the level that ‘Gossip Girl’ illustrates. Also if this the case then i should think it would be more frequent with females than with the males as shown in ‘Gossip Girl’. Nevertheless they all appeal to teenagers as one myself, i feel that no one can fully integrate with the drama itself unless living in similar situations; consequently, making the target audience feel as if the drama only applies to their genre of lifestyle.

Additionally, ‘Gossip Girl’ is set in New york. We see sky scrapers, yellow taxis, luxurious hotels, art galleries all accumalting to contruct an elaborate model of the mise-en-scene of the big apple. This draws a contrast between British and American life that we cannot familiarize with. Conversely, British teenagers also have their own alternative to this which is the parties they also attend and the nightlife they also live. On the other hand, a link is drawn through the technology used like mobile phones. We all know that one of the most significant materialistic items to a teenager is their phone. ‘Gossip Girl’ effectively highlights this and also the mass use of the internet through out the episode. However, it could also be argued that teenagers are not dominated by technology to the extent that ‘Gossip Girl’ shows.

Speaking of technology, the website for ‘Gossip Girl’ reflects its capabilities as it stylish, sophistocated and current so matches the standards of the drama itself.Also it is clearly presented and bright green so it lures viewers in. It is easy to use and compact with behind the scence information which enabled me to gather some facts about the compilation of ‘Gossip Girl’.However, a major set-back is that it limited to a US audience, as i had difficulties in watching some videos because i was from out of the US.

Hero's essay

AS Applied Media Coursework: Close Analysis:

‘Hero’

During lessons we have been looking at how you can interpret a piece of media text, in this case it has been a film. In this unit our class has been allocated the task of analysing a clip from the 2002 film ‘Hero’, directed by Zhang Yimou. The chosen clip was watched numerous times to identify the way it is constructed and why. Moreover, notes had to be constructed to allow the class to create an analytic piece of the clip about the technical codes and conventions. This includes camera shots and angles, editing, mise-en-scene, lighting and colour and sound. In this essay I will attempt to identify the above conventions and the meanings they create.

‘Hero’ begins with a voiceover which quickly sets the scene putting the audience in the know as it tells the audience of when this event is happening. This sets a pace to the plot line as it quickly gets the audience to integrate with the location and the current matters.

The shot begins with an extreme close-up of a metal rod used to move the counters on the classical Chinese game of checkers, and then it zooms out to show the board itself and pans upwards towards the first character. The audience is introduced to the two checker players in the opening scene. The first character shown in a mid-shot is seen wearing clothes in different shades of orange. The colour orange is significant to the character as it portrays his persona even before he speaks. The colour orange symbolizes peace in Buddhism, one of the dominant religions in China, because it is the colour of the clothing for monks. Furthermore, this reflects his importance to the film and enables the audience to instantly recognize his significance; thus permeating his leadership and power. In addition the audience also learns that the nameless protagonist “has a love for music and chess”, which depicts the intellectual side of his persona.

In addition, the audience is introduced to character 2, who the audience may presume is the villain because of his dark attire which is highlighted in the close-up used. Moreover, the close-up used to capture character 2’s deep set features which seem to be set in a permanent scowl that reflects his dark persona. The close-up fully encapsulates his frustration towards the nameless protagonist in the sequence of cuts during their dialogue as every time the camera is focused on him the audience can see his features gradually getting dark enough to resemble his attire. Also, the way the shots have been cut together makes the clip itself faster because the audience can see both perspectives of the dialogue and by having it in a close-up at eye-level, the audience will always see the effect the other characters speech is having on the other. Subsequently, character 2 stands up at the end of the dialogue and the camera angle changes to a high-angle shot of character 2. This angle is used to portray the oppressive superiority that character has at that moment over the nameless protagonist.

The game of checkers itself is momentous to the two characters as it is a strategic two player game as it encompasses war tactics with strategic intelligence. This is portrayed using an extreme close-up at the start of the clip. This sets the scene immediately and allows the audience to familiarize with the location. This foreshadows later events in the clip and also depicts the personas of the two protagonists due to the black and white counters which could connote ‘Good vs. Evil’. This is one of the main features of eastern martial arts films as they are usually based around the central theme of ‘Good vs. Bad’. Due to these connotations, the audience can fully integrate with the film, taking on a broader perspective of what is shown.

The setting of the clip seems to be in a temple-like location. The colours of the surrounding architecture are bland colours like off-white, grey and charcoal. All colours reflect the tranquillity of the location and by doing so makes it more spiritual. Furthermore, the diegetic sound which is the harp played by the old man, envelopes the audience into the world of this film. The mise-en-scene of the film indicates a depressed atmosphere. The close-ups of clothing, long-shots of the temple, the group’s shots of character 2 and his army all insinuate a dark and sombre atmosphere. The dull colours used make the clip more depressingly profound to the audience.

The weather in the clip is overcast, rainy and miserable which denotes the lack of freedom that the protagonist faces. This is because white connotes purity, peace and liberation yet by having the clip set on this type of day it’s as if, the purity is being poisoned by something evil. The theme of evil stems from the Chinese culture where superstitions thrive amongst the townspeople. This creates automatic recognition for the audience as they can work out that some sort of combat or feud will emerge.

Secondly, the audience also can sense that something was to disrupt the tranquillity because in the wide-shot of character 2 placing a head-band on his head and tying it, the audience sees behind him from a POV shot of the nameless protagonist, that the rest of character 2’s men are imitating his movements in a precise unison. The group shot permits the audience to feel the solidarity between character 2 and his men, creating a sense of unease as the audience awaits an attack of some sort.

The sound at this point in the shot is enhanced and the sound of the rain drops is amplified to an unsettling volume this increases the tension as the nameless protagonist awaits the attack.

To then reinforce this, the ‘twang’ noise produced by the harp-like instrument of the old man could on the one hand be depicted as a disruption to the tranquillity because as the atmosphere grows more intense the music also becomes louder. On the other hand, the sharp ‘twang’ could furthermore add to the spirituality of the location, because it is also associated with the monks at the temples as they play musical instruments to calm themselves and pervade the atmosphere with tranquillity.

The fight scene in this clip confirms the suspicions of the audience that the director has insinuated towards throughout the beginning of the clip using the game of checkers, the exchange in provocative dialogue from character 2, and the gloomy weather. It begins with a wide group shot of character 2 and his army reflecting their solidarity. Conversely, it is followed by another wide-shot of the nameless protagonist which depicts his unaided strength. By having both characters in wide-shots although the nameless protagonist is alone it draws comparison between their strengths even though the nameless protagonist is outnumbered. The music begins again however is ceased to a halt by the amplified sound of character 2 unsheathing his sword. This makes the silence distilling however; the silence is also disrupted by the clash of the sword against the spear. This again fuels the tension in the audience and increases apprehension. Consequently, the action has reduced the tempo of the actual speed, drawing it out more and increases the adrenaline released into the audience. The gradual build-up of suspense reflects the control the director is able to have over the audience making it more enticing for the audience. The fight it self is sped up and makes the strikes from each character more deadly using amplified sound as it strikes metal. It is kept in a wide-shot which enables the audience to see everything. Also when bigger moves are executed onto character 2 it is slowed down to show the full impact of the blow on the opponent.

When character 2 and two of his men are defeated the rest of his army steps in and the shot is filmed from the right of the army and when they run towards the nameless protagonist it is a high mid-shot which captures the fury in their eyes, revealing to the audience the extent to their anger. The director then shoots the film in all angles and the camera moves all the way around the location and then in an aerial shot of the location to show every angle of the fight itself. This allows the audience to get full coverage of scenario. The final moves the nameless protagonist then executes onto the remaining men is hot in mid-shot and this allows us to see where his attacks are aimed, which is in the most fragile parts of the body e.g. by the ribs. The fight is then over as the armies weapons are futile against the nameless protagonist’s skill, they line up and bow to him and this is shot in mid-shot yet when the camera cuts to the nameless protagonist he is in high angle to show that he holds final superiority against character 2 and is army. At their defeat they all form a line shot in a wide-shot and the camera fades into a pan and it becomes a tracking shot following the path of the nameless protagonist as he attempts to leave the temple. But the camera is diverted to another character who is introduced at the end, everything about this character out the audience on an edge he is introduced in long-shot which shows his body language which is in a readied fighting stance to suggest that a fight is again yet to erupt. As he moves the camera is at a low angle shot of his feet, with amplified sound of the water splashing as his feet part the water. As he gets closer to character two the shot zooms closer and closer into his face to show the fear and anticipation that character two is feeling. The camera pans and cuts getting higher and higher showing him unsheathe his sword and then it is in a high-angle as he leaps into the air. The sequence is very significant because it is as if it a detailed description of the new character’s physical composition. This allows the audience to draw comparison between the two.

Character is clearly unsettled by this attack as the audience sees this in his face as his emotions are projected through his eyes and with each strike made it him he grows more an more unsettled. However, the audience learns that the new character is of a similar strength to character 2 as both of them are in mid-air executing difficult attacks at one another, while the camera does a 360 move around this shot to encapsulate the full extent of this fight scene and to portray the full ferocity of it.

The sound has completely changed and the sharp twang of the harp like instrument is replaced by the enhanced clash sounds of the metal, which is then also replaced by a violin type music which grows intense as the characters both charge towards each other. The music reaches its peak and the tempo of the fight is increased. This makes the fight more dramatic and it embeds the audience deep with in the tension of the film.

The clip ends in a voice over the same way it began depicting the continuous cycle that the characters embarked upon to begin with. It also allows the audience to remain in the know of the characters thought. With out completing the film the 5 minute clip alone is self-explanatory and the audience understands that the plot of the film will be based against the foundations of these first events.

spider diagram

As a class we were issued a task to produce a spider diagram which incorporates the structure of the telecommunications industry. at first i had no idea of where to start so my spider diagram looked liked spaghetti. Consequently, i went through my notes taken prior in class and used them to aid me to produce a completely new version.

independent production companies essay

Applied Media Unit 1: Essay

With reference to specific examples, explain how Ofcom has affected the output of the 5 main British broadcasters.

Ofcom is a regulatory body for all television broadcasters, telecommunication and radio communication. It initially merged in 2003 taking full responsibilities that the 5 regulatory bodies previously had. It maintains control over these mediums so that inappropriate words and images, which could be seen as harmful or offensive, are not broadcasted to the millions of viewers of both television and radio. Ofcom supervises licensing, commissioning research, generating codes and policies and tackling complaints. On the other hand Ofcom also promotes competitions and helps to progress the interest of viewers.

Ofcom monitors what broadcasters outsource and allows them to outsource 25% of their programming. This enables independent production companies to make 25% of the programmes of for example the BBC and ITV. The BBC is owned by the public and is fed by TV licensing conversely, ITV is owned predominantly by Carlton/Granada. The obvious difference being BBC does not have advertisements where as ITV does. Thus putting ITV at an advantage however, BBC is more popular due to this difference. BBC has a wide variety of programmes from other countries varying from Hey Arthur to Diagnosis murder and most of the films broadcasted are also from outsourcing. Nevertheless, ITV also broadcasts Gossip girl, Americas got talent and Smallville yet again none of them being British. Second of all, it also allows other countries to purchase British programmes which could also increase their audiences and make the destinations more popular as on many occasions when there is nothing left to do whilst being abroad some people find comfort n being able to flick through channels and find at least one British programme being broadcasted.

On the one hand outsourcing increases the viewing audience as it allows the British audience to view programmes which we would be normally unable to watch, it provides a wider selection for the public to choose from and also it could make for e.g. the BBC and ITV more money.

On the contrary, outsourcing could also result in the loss of money if programmes are sold cheaply, the programmes bought may not be as popular as before or the people employed by for e.g. the BBC or ITV may get less work to do due to the amount of outsourcing.

Consequently, outsourcing has it advantages and disadvantages to the production and broadcasting of programmes and the companies themselves.

Although Ofcom helps to regulate what broadcasters emanate, there have been occasions where Ofcom has had to sanction some television channels in some major instances for example, the Shetty vs. Goody race row. During the fifth series of celebrity big brother 2007, a spin-off of big brother, a friction was born against Shetty from Goody, Lloyd and O’meara. This one series had engrossed the largest number of complaints to Watchdog giving meticulous apprehensions that Shetty had been subjected to bullying which connoted racism. She was called “Shilpa Poppa Dom” “dog” and told “to f*** off home” by Lloyd. Many protests were held; also as a result Big brothers main sponsor Carphone Warehouse suspended its sponsorship of the show, Goody’s perfume was boycotted by consumers and taken off the shelves by some stores. As a result of the complaints Ofcom suspended the show having run for only 26 days, also it made the contestants involved apologize to Shilpa. This had a massive impact on Big brother and channel 4 on a whole it slashed the number of viewers dramatically and the sixth edition of Big Brother was delayed and released in January 2009.

Another controversy was the Blue peter cat naming scandal in 2006 where viewers were asked via an online poll to name the latest animal to blue peter group. Many children voted and the name ‘cookie’ had come out on top however, blue peter did not choose that name and instead ignored the name ‘cookie’ and called it ‘socks’, creating again a wave of complaints from the viewers. As a result Ofcom intervened and fined BBC £50,000 due to the Blue peter scandal, the editor Richard Marson was moved from his post and later quit. Also as a result presenter Konnie Huq left Blue peter after 10 years of wanting to leave treating this as the final straw.

Blue peter lost ratings severly as it was cut from three shows per week to two and also lost the trust and respect of its loyal viewers after this scandal.

A second scandal from blue peter was the phone-in scandal where the ‘shoebiz appeal’ was rigged. That day someone visiting blue peter phoned in pretending to be a caller who had won the competition and had the opportunity to select a prize. The results were rigged they say because there was a technical error with the phone lines. This scandal along side the cat naming scandal accumulated to the severe loss of respect and initially a huge sum of money fined by Ofcom to the BBC. It is apparent that Blue Peter’s popularity has decreased and evidently it is losing the renowned name of the best longest running children’s programme in British television.

To conclude, Ofcom is like the fairy godmother for the public as it creates stability for smaller independent production companies, it allows viewers to complain about issues that upset them and also provides building blocks for the ever-evolving media industry. It holds together many aspects that without them the television and radio industries could be in a sense corrupt. It allows media to be spread amongst the world creating a bridge for viewers to gain educational aspects and also good entertainment. It allows public to have a sense of security from knowing that they can view or tune into moderately safe channels be it on the radio or television. Also it doesn’t allow television channels to take advantage of viewers and get away with it.

On the whole, I think that allowing Ofcom to have this control over the telecommunication and radio communication industries it has aided British media to mature.

Music Video Research

At the beginning we were very unsure how to pursue this task as the were many good music videos to the songs we picked; consequently it was quite difficult to create a music video from scratch without imitating the video in some way. we narrowed our list to the three best videos from three different genres

so we came up with:

- Kesha-Tik Tok

however, for this video as it was a new release the video was very fitting to the song so we wouldn't be able to create a video as good. so we removed this from our shortlist.

- Beyonce- Single Ladies

This is a performative video and the song itself best fits this style of video

also this is a very common song and we wouldn't to be unable to meet its

standards

- Michael Jackson- thriller

The thriller video is one of the greatest music videos of all time of course its a great song

also however, its virtually impossible to reincarnate anything of its calibre.

Consequently, this left us no alternative but to find a new track altogether. we had no specific tracks in mind nonetheless, my group and I didn't want an R'n'B track as it was very common and there were set conventions to that style so it wouldn't permit us to be very creative with filming. So we narrowed our genres to either Rock or Indie. This was uncommon and not as popular as RnB and hip hop however, we new we could be original with our filming if we chose a track from this genre. we spent a few lessons listening to tracks and scouring the net for a track. then one lesson came and Lilian suggested One republic- Apologize (the orginal pre-timberland).

as group we listened to it and then agreed finally on this track.